IS 851: Specification for Synthetic Resin Adhesives For Construction Work (Non-Structural) in Wood

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IS 851 (1978) : Specification for Synthetic Resin Adhesives
For Construction Work (Non-Structural) in Wood [CED 20:
Wood and other Lignocellulosic products]

Jawaharlal Nehru
'Step Out From the Old to the New"

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Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
Invent a New India Using Knowledge

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BLANK PAGE

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PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT

IS: 851 -1978

(Reaffirmed 2005)

Indian Standard

SPECIFICATION FOR SYNTHETIC

RESIN ADHESIVES FOR CONSTRUCTION

WORK (NON-STRUCTURAL) IN WOOD

( First Revision )

Third Reprint MAY 2009
(Including Amendment No. 1 & 2)

UDC 668.395:674.21 : 694.6

© Copyright \9n

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Gr6 September 1978

IS: 851 -1978

Indian Standard

SPECIFICATION FOR SYNTHETIC

RESIN ADHESIVES FOR CONSTRUCTION

WORK (NON-STRUCTURAL) IN WOOD

(First Revision)

Wood Products Sectional Committee, BDC 20

Chairman
Shri a. C. Sekhar

Members

Assistant Director ( Specifica-
tion), RDSO, LucKNOW
Shri J. Bain

Shri P. R. Chandrasekhar
Shri L. N. Dokania

Shri M. R. Motayed ( Alternate
Shri M, A. Islam
Dr Joseph George

Dr V. J. Victor ( Alternate )
Shri A, K. Kaderkutty
Shri K. S. Lauly

Shri Thomas Paul ( Alternate )
Shri G. R. Mavinkurva

Chief Conservator of
FoRESTv<i ( Gen ) ( Alternate )
Shri P. V. Mehta

Lt-Col S. a. Mohile

Shri B. B. Mehta ( Alternate )
Shri M. R. Motayed

Shri S. K. Dutta ( Alternate )

Representing

Forest Research Institute & Colleges ( Timber
Mechanics Branch ), Dehra Dun

Ministry of Railways

Indian Tea Association, Calcutta
Directorate General of Civil Aviation, New Delhi
Federation of Indian Plywood & Panel Industry,
New Delhi

)

Forest Department, Government of Assam, Dispur
Indiam Plywood Industries Research Institute,
Bangalore

The Western India Plywoods Ltd, Baliapatam
The South India Plywood Manufacturers* Associa-
tion, Calicut

Forest Department, Government of Karnataka,
Bangalore

Directorate General of Technical Developments New

Delhi
Ministry of Defence (R&D)

Plywood Manufacturers' Association of West Bengal,
Calcutta

( Continued on pagt 2 )

© Copyright 1978

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

IS : 851 - 1978

(Continued from page 1 )

Members Representing

Dr a. N. Nayer In personal capacity ( C-59 Inderpwi, New Delhi

110012 )
Shrz D. £. Neale United Planters* Association of Southern India,

Cochin
Dr R. S, Ratra National Buildings Organization, New Delhi

Shri p. R. Rijsinghani Engineer-in-Chief *s Branch, Army Headquarters

Maj M. Goswami ( Alternate )
Shri Sharan Singh Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals, New

Delhi
Dr S. M. Singh Central Building Research Institute (CSIR),

Roorkee
Shri Arjun Das ( Alternate )
Superintending Surveyor of Central Public Works Department, New Delhi

Works ( II )
Shri H. Thomson Sitapur Plywood Manufacturers Ltd, Sitapur

Shri G. W. M. Whittle ( Alternate)
Shri D. V. Vekma Ministry of Defence ( DGI )

Shri Nirmal Singh ( Alternate )
Shri D. AjithaSimha, Director General, ISI ( Ex-officio Member)

Director ( Giv Engg )

Secretary

Shri J. R. Mehta

Deputy Director ( Civ Engg), ISI

Adhesives for Wood and Wood Products Subcommittee, BDG 20: 4

Convener
Dr R. G. Gupta Forest Research Institute & Colleges, Dehra Dun

Members

SuRi B. M. Bank/^jee Ministry of Defence (R&D)

Shri V. B. Tandon ( Alternate )
Shri P. K. Banerji Hoechst Dyes & Chemicals Ltd, Bombay

Shri F. B. Kapadia ( Alternate )
Shri C. S. Bhatnagar Ciba Geigy of India Ltd, Bombay

Dr D. K, Das National Test House, Calcutta

Shri A. Ghosh ( Alternate)
Shri R. V. Doshi Doshi Brothers & Co, Anand

Shri G. V, Doshi ( Alternate)
Shri S. Haridais Shaw Wallace & Company J^imited, Calcutta

Dr Joseph George Indian Plywood Industries Research Institute,

Bangalore

Shri S. S. Zoolaoud ( Alternate )
Dr R. N. Kumar The Western India Plywood Ltd, Baliapatam

Shri K. S, Lauly The South Indian Plywood Manufacturers* Associa-

tion, Calicut

Shri A. K. Ramachandra ( Alternate )

( Continued on page 2 1 )

AMENDMENT NO. 1 DECEMBER 1987

TO

IS : 851 - 1978 SPECIFICATION FOR SYNTHETIC

RESIN ADHESIVES FOR CONSTRUCTION

WORK ( NON-STRUCTURAL ) IN WOOD

( First Revision j

( Page 9, clause 5.6.1, line 5 ) — Substitute ' 4 of IS : 1734 ( Part 7 ).
1983* *for * Appendix H '.

( Page 9, clause 5.6.2, line 5 ) — Substitute ' 4 of IS : 1734 ( Part 7 )-
1983* 'for ' Appendix H '.

( Page 11. clause B-l.l, line 1 ) -I ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ . Vallapine or

( Page 12, clause C-1.1, line 1 ) V Makai ' after the word ' cana-
( Page 17, clause F-1.1, line 1 ) J """* *PP" '

( Page 20, Appendix H ) — Delete.

^Methods of test for plywood ( seemi revision ).

( BDC 20 )

AMENDMENT NO. 2 AUGUST 2007

TO

IS 851 : 1978 SPECIFICATION FOR SYNTHETIC

RESIN ADHESIVES FOR CONSTRUCTION

WORK (NON-STRUCTURAL)

IN WOOD

( First Revision )

(Page 17, Appendix F, clause F-1.1, third line) — Substitute '3.00 ± 0.15'
/or '3.15 ±0.15'.

(CED 20)

IS: 851 -1978

Indian Standard

SPECIFICATION FOR SYNTHETIC
RESIN ADHESiVES FOR CONSTRUCTION
WORK (NON-STRUCTURAL) IN WOOD

(First Revision)

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the
Indian Standards Institution on 20 February 1978, after the draft finalized
by the Wood Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Civil Engineering Division Council.

0.2 Adhesives form one of the most important raw materials used in the
plywood industry and wood work and joinery industry. The selection of
the adhesive and its correct use are important factors controlling the
quality of the plywood or the joinery work produced. In the context of
this background of the industry, it has been found necessary to lay down
standards governing the quality of the raw materials and the performance
expected from the prepared glues.

0*3 The preparation of the. adhesive and its correct use are other important
aspects. Therefore, for the information of the users, the manufacturers
shall furnish all the relevant information for the use of these adhesives in
the manner indicated in Appendix A.

0,4 This standard covers both phenolic as well as aminoplastic synthetic
resin adhesives. The phenolic resin adhesives are normally classified as
BWP and BWR grade. The joints made with this type of adhesives are
highly resistant to weather, micro-organisms, cold and boiling water, steam
or dry heat. The aminoplastic resin adhesives generally classified as
WWR or CWR grade adhesives of urea formaldehyde base, deteriorate
rapidly on full exposure to weathering. These are, therefore, not recom-
mended where high level of moisture is experienced. However, UF resins
fortified either with melamine, phenol or resorcinol and urea formaldehyde
melamine formaldehyde mixes show much improved performance over UF
resins.

£Ss 851. 1978

0.5 This standard was first published in 1957. In this first revision, three
types of adhesives covered in the earlier version have been re-designated and
an additional type ( BWR ) has been included. The definition requirements
and methods of tests as applicable to these types have been modified
in light of experience.

0.6 This standard contains clauses 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 which permit the user
to use his option for selection to suit his requirements at the time of placing
o^-ders.

0.7 In the formulation of this standard due weigh tage has been given to
international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing
in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field
in this country.

0.8 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, express-
ing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard prescribes the requirements for synthetic resin adhesives
suitable for wood work ( non-structural ) and joinery.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 707-1976t
and the following shall apply.

2.1 •I Assembly Time

2.1.1.1 Open assembly time — The time elapsing between the application
of the adhesive and assembly of joint components.

2.1.1.2 Closed assembly time — The time elapsing between assembly of
the joint components and the application of pressure.

2.1.2 Adhesive

2.1.2.1 Closed contact adhesive — A non-gap- filling adhesive suitable for
use only in those joints where the surfaces to be joined may be brought
into close contact by means of adequate pressure, and where glue line
exceeding 0'12 mm may be avoided with certainty.

♦Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised).

tGlossary of terms applicable to timber technology and utilization { second revision ).

tS 1851-1978

2.1.2.2 Gap filling adhesive — An adhesive suitable for use in those
joints where the surfaces to be joined may or may not be in close
or continuous contact owing either to impossibility of applying adequate
pressure or to slight inaccuracies in machining.

2.1.3 Extender — A substance added to the adhesive either to reduce the
cost of gluing or to reduce penetration through the veneerfe or both,

2.1.4 Filler — An inert substance, such as wood flour, added to alter the
characteristics, for example, to reduce brittleness of a synthetic resin some-
times loosely and incorrectly used as interchangeable with * extender*.

2.1.5 Fortifier — A substance used primarily to increase the boil resistance
and durabihty of hot setting urea resins.

2.1.6 Hardener — A material used to promote the setting of the resin. It
may be either in liquid or powder form. It is an essential part of the
adhesive, the properties of which depend upon using the resin and hardener
as directed.

2.1.7 Pot Life -— The time between the mixing of the constituent parts
of an adhesive and its reaching the age when it is no longer usable,

2.1.8 SkelfLife — The period for which the adhesive or adhesive compo-
nents may be stored without affecting their suitability for use in accordance
with the standard.

2.1.9 Spread of Adhesive — The area of surface covered by 1 kg of adhesive
mix prepared in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

2.1.10 Synthetic Resin — Amorphous organic materials produced by the
polymerization or condensation of one, two or, less frequently, three
relatively simple compounds. The term is also applied to chemically
modified natural resins. The properties of synthetic resins can vary widely
depending upon their basic raw materials, proportions, and conditions oi
manufacture. All synthetic resins are classified broadly as thermosetting
or thermoplastic.

2.1.10.1 Phenolic synthetic resin — A phenolic synthetic resin is derived
from the reaction of phenol with an aldehyde.

2.1.10.2 Aminoplastic synthetic resin — An aminoplastic synthetic resin is
derived from the reaction of urea, thio-urea, melamine, or allied
compounds, or mixtures of these compounds with formaldehyde,

2.1.11 Synthetic Resin Adhesive — A composition, substantially consisting
of a synthetic resin of dther the phenolic or aminoplastic type but includ-
ing any hardening agent, fortifier, filler or extender, which may be required
to be added before use according to the manufacturer's instructions.

IS: 851 -1978

3. TYPES

3.1 Depending upon their degree of resistance to water and micro-
organisms, synthetic resin adhcsives for wood shall be of the following four

types:

Boiling Water Proof BWP

Boiling Water Resistance BWR

Warm Water Resistance WWR

Cold Water Resistance CWR

3.1.1 Gap-filling and close contact adhcsives of the four types shall be
distinguished by the following symbols:

Type

Symbol

Gap-Filling
Adhesive

BWP/GF
BWR/GF
WWR/GF

GWR/GF

Close Contact
Adhesive

BWP/GC
BWR/CC
WWR/CC
CWR/CC

Boiling Water Proof
Boiling Water Resistance
Warm Water Resistance
Gold Water Resistance

4. KEEPING QUALITIES

4.1 The adhcsives shall comply with the requirements specified under 5
after the resin and hardener have been stored in the original closed con-
tainers according to the manufacturer's instructions and up to the date
recommended by the manufacturer.

5. TESTS

5.1 Sampling — A representative sample shall be drawn from each batch
of adhcsives. Such samples shall, in each case, be tested separately, and
not be bulked with other samples or otherwise averaged.

5.2 Veneers for Test Pieces — Veneers used in the preparation of test
pieces shall comply with the requirements specified in Appendix B.

5.3 Test Reqairements -

adhesive shall be as given

tested with both gap joints and close-contact joints, but the close-contact

group shall be tested with close-contact joints only.

5.3.1 Routine test for each type of adhesive shall be the dry test(s) and
the wet test(s) at the temperature appropriate to its type. However, if so
required by the purchaser, the adhcsives of the BWP, BWR and WWR types
shall also be required to satisfy the requirements of the cold water test.

The test requirements for each type of
in Table 1. The gap-filling group shall be

18:851-1978

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IS: 851 -1978

5,3.2 When specifically required by the purcliaser, adhesives of the
BWP, BWR and WWR types shall satisfy the requirements of the myco-
logical test as given under 5.6.

5.4 Dry Strength

5.4.1 Gap Joints — The average failing load of a set of six test pieces
prepared by the method specified in Appendix C conditioned appropriately
as specified in Appendix D, and when pulled by the method described in
Appendix E shall be not less than 205 kg for all types.

5.4.2 Close Contact Joints — The average failing load of a set of six test
pieces prepared by the method described in Appendix F, conditioned
appropriately as specified under Appendix D and when pulled in accor-
dance with Appendix E shall be not less than 275 kg for all types.

5.5 Resistance to Water

5.5.1 Gap Joints — The average failing load for a set of six test pieces
prepared by the method specified in Appendix G, conditioned appropriately
as specified in Appendix D and when pulled in accordance with
Appendix E after treatment in the manner specified in Appendix G for
the time and temperature given in Table 2 shall be not less than the
corresponding value indicated therein.

TABLE 2 RESISTANCE TO WATER ( GAP JOINTS )

(Clauses5.b.\qndGA.\)

Type

Temperature of Water in

Whjch Test Pieces Shall

BE Immersed

Time of
Immersion

Mean Failing
Load

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

0"C

h

kg

BWP

100

( or at the boiling point

of water )

6

100

BWIi

do

3

90

WWR

30±2

3

100

CWR

>27db2

16 to 24

180

5,5.2 Close-Contact Joints — The average faih'ng load for a set of six test
pieces prepared by the method specified in Appendix F, conditioned
appropriately as specified in Appendix D, and when pulled by the method
described in Appendix E, after treatment in accordance with Appendix G
for the time and temperature given in Table 3 shall be not less than the
corresponding values indicated therein.

8

IS s 851 -1978

TABLE 3 RESISTANCE TO WATER ( GLOSE-GONTAGT JOINTS )

(Clauses 5,5.2 andG-lA )

Type Tempbrature op Water ii^ Time of Mean Failing

, Which Test Pieces Shall Immersion Load

BE Immersed

(1)

(2)

0*»G

BWP

100
( or at the boiling point
of water )

BWR

100

WWR
CWR

( or at the boiling point
' of water)

70±2

27 ±2

(3) (4)

h kg

6 150

3 115

3 150

16 to 24 200

5.6 Resistance to Micro-Organisms ( Mycological Test)

5.6.1 Gap Joints — The average failing load for a set of six test pieces
prepared by the method specified in Appedix G. Conditioned appro-
priately as specified in Appendix D, and when pulled by the memod
described in Appendix £, after the treatment in accordance with
Appendix H shall be not less than 180 kg for all types*

5.6.2 Close-Contact Joints — The average failing load for a set of six test
pieces prepared by the method specified in Appendix F, conditioned
appropriately as specified in Appendix D, and when pulled by the method
described in Appendix E, after the treatment in accordance with
Appendix H shall be not less than 200 kg for all types.

5.7 Re*Test — In the event of failure to comply with the requirements of
any test{s), the batch of material concerned shall be re-tested in respect of
such requirement(s). In the event of failure of re-test, the batch shall be
rejected.

6. MARKING

6.1 Each container shall be legibly and indelibly marked with the
following:

a) Manufacturer's name or distinguishing mark^

b) Description of material {see 3)y

c) Manufacturer's reference number,

d) Batch number,

18:851-1978

e) Date of manufacture,

f ) The date beyond which the adhesive or adhesive components shall
not be used when stored under conditions recommended by the
manufacturer,

g) Reference to the manufacturer's instructions for use, and
h) The words * to be stored in a cool dry place \

6.1.1 The product may also be marked with Standard Mark.

6.1.2 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau
oflndian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder.
The details of conditions under which the licence for the use of Standard Mark
may be granted to manufactures or producers may be obtained from the Bureau
of Indian Standards.

APPENDIX A

( Clause 0.3)

INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED BY THE
MANUFACTURER REGARDING THE USE OF ADHESIVES

A-1. GUIDANCE REGARDING USE

A-l.l The manufacturer shall furnish written instructions detailing the
manner in which each resin or recommended combination of resin(s),
hardner(s), filler fortifiers and extenders shall be used. The instructions
shall give information in the manner indicated under A-1.2 to A-1.6, where
applicable.

A-1.2 Storage Life of Adhesive or Adhesive Components — The

manufacturer shall specify the storage life of the adhesive components.

A- 1.3 Preparation for Use — The preparation of resin, hardener, fortifier,
filler and extender, method of mixing, recommended types of mixing,
apparatus, and necessary precautions of any kind shall be stated,

10

ISt851«1978

A«l,4 Usable Life of Mixed Adhesive or Pot life — The maximum
time shall be stated during which the adhesive maintained at temperatures
of 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 45**C would remain fit for use so as to comply
with the requirements of the specification.

A-1.5 Methods of Use — Guidance on the following points shall be

given:

a) Range of moisture content of wood;

b) Preparation of wood surfaces;

c) Methods of application, such as single or double spread;

d) Normal amounts of spread for single glue line;

e) Maximum and minimum open and closed assembly times;

f ) Recommended range of pressures in N/m^ ( kg/cm* );

g) Post-treatment of finished product; and
h) Cleaning of containers and test.

A-1.6 Setting Times and Conditions — The recommended range of
temperature to which the adhesive in any glue line may be subjected and
also the minimum and maximum times for which pressure shall be
maintained on unstressed joints at temperatures within the range shall be
stated.

APPENDIX B

( Clauses 5.2 and^AA )

VENEERS FOR TEST PIECES

B-1. REC^UIREMENTS

B-I.l The Veneers shall be rotary-cut canarium spp. 3*00 ±0*15 mm thick
with the growth rings approximately parallel to the face.

B-1 .2 Veneers shall be smooth-cut on both faces, straight grained and free
from all defects, at least over the area that will form the middle 50 mm
length of the test pieces, and may be slightly sanded. Elsewhere, the
occurrence of slight defects, such as small uplifts, small live knots and short
grain, may be disregarded. The moisture content of the veneers shall be
120 ± 2*5 percent for liquid adhesive and 12*0 ±2*0 percent for film
adhesive, as may be recommended by the manufacturer.

a

tS: 851. 1978

APPENDIX C

( Clauses 5A1, 5.5.1 and 5.6.1 )

PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES FOR DETERMINATION
OF FAILING LOAD ( GAP JOINTS )

C-1. TEST SUPS

C-1.1 Each test piece shall be made from two slips of canarium spp. veneer
complying with the requirements of Appendix B, 150 mm long,
25'0 ± 0*3 mm wide and 3-00 ± 0'15 mm thick, joined together with the
adhesive under test and assembled as described in €-3.

C-2. PREPARATION OF ADHESIVE

C-2.1 The adhesive shall be prepared and used in accordance with the
instructions supplied by the manufacturer. Where the manufacturer*s
instructions permit separate application of the resin and hardener in joints,
1*0 mm thick, the test pieces shall be prepared by the separate application
method.

G-3. PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES

C-3«l The test pieces shall be prepared under ordinary room conditions,
except where otherwise directed by the manufacturer. One of the 150 mm
slips forming a joint shall be coated with adhesive over the middle
third of its length ( jtftf Fig, 1 ) and have inserts of 62'0 X 25'0 X 1'30± 0-13
mm thick, fitted as shown in Fig. 1 . The resultant gap shall be filled with
an excess of the adhesive. The second slip to make the complete joint shall
be coated with adhesive over the middle third of its length and placeid in
position; excess of adhesive shall be squeezed out when the clamp is
tightened.

C-3.1*l Where separate application of resin £md hardener is permitted by
the manufacturer, the lower face of the top slip, and, if required, the lower
face of the inserts, shall be coated with hardener, the resin being applied to
the upper surfaces of the bottom slip and inserts, and to fill the gap.

C*3«l«2 After assembly of the test pieces, they shall be placed imme-
diately in a suitable clamp, a convenient form of which is shown in Fig, 2.
The ciamp shall be screwed down until * finger tight '.

NoTB — The saw cuts shown in Fig. 1 shall be made after the test pieces have been
conditioned {see Appendix D )«

12

VENEER mSERT
62-00 x25-OOxV30tO.^

tS: 851. 1978

INSERT IN PLACE

LIGHT SPREAD
OF ADHESIVE

-tso-

■25-0:0-3

25.0i0.3

SAW CUT APPROXIMATELY
3 mm WIDE

ADHESIVE
'-t-SOtO'ta mm
VEMEER ,

VENEER

All dimensions in millimetres.

Fig. 1 Gap Test Piece Showing Method of Fitting Inserts

13

IS : 851 - 1978

\

10

n

n

t

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=

=

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=

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1

=

=

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,

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AH dimensions in millimetres.
Fig. 2 Clamping Device for Six Gap Test Pieces

APPENDIX D

(Clauses 5AA, 5.4.2, 5.5.1,5.5.2, 5.6.1 and 5.62)

CONDITIONING OF TEST PIECES
D-l. COLD SETTING GLUES

D-1.1 As soon as possible after assembling the test pieces, while still in the
clamps, shall be placed in an oven at the room temperature ( 27 i 2*^G )
and shall remain there in the clamp for 16 to 24 hours. After release from
the clamps, the test pieces shall be freely exposed to the air in the oven for
a further period of 5 to 8 days or for such other period as specified by the
manufacturer.

D-2. WARM SETTING GLUES

D-2.1 As soon as possible after assembling the test pieces, while still in the
clamps, shall be placed in a container ( see Note ) which shall then be put
into an oven running with + 2°G of a specified temperature where it
shall remain for a stipulated period, the precise temperature and

14

IS s 851 -1978

time being in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. After
treatment in the oven, and as soon as the container and the contents have
cooled so that they can be handled conveniently, the test pieces shall be
removed from the clamps and stored at room temperature ( 27 ± 2''C ) for
16 to 26 hours prior to pulling.

Note — The purpose of ihe container is to prevent excessive loss of moisture from the
test pieces during the treatment at high temperatures. It shall, therefore, be made of a
reasonably impervious material and have a close-fitting lid. A small hole shall be
provided for the changes in volume of the air during the heating and cooling.

D-2.2 The manufacturer may prescribe and use any other method of
heating and conditioning the test piece, provided details of the process are
made available to the user.

APPENDIX E

( Clauses 5,4.1, 5.4.2, 5.5,1, 5.5.2, 5.6.1 and 5.6.2 )

PULLING TEST PIECES AND COMPUTING THE RESULTS

E-O. GENERAL

E-0.1 Due to the non-axial transmission of load through the prescribed
test pieces and the consequent tendency to bend during pulling, the strength
which the joints develop on test is influenced by the extent to which the
bending is restrained. Testing machines vary widely in this respect, one
extreme being represented by the shot loading type of machine, in which
the upper grips are suspended through two articulated joints from a lever
free to move longitudinally, while the other extreme is typified by
the standard high-capacity testing machine with substantial wedge grips in
a massive head in which the ends of the test pieces are maintained rigidly
in line throughout the test.

E-0.2 At present there is insufficient knowledge about the influence of the
various factors involved to enable them to be taken into account for
purposes of specifications; nor can any of the existing testing machines be
regarded as sufficiently near the ideal to serve as a standard. Pending the
development of a standard method of test, control is limited to the
rate at which the load is applied to the test piece, to the distance between
the grips, and to the accuracy with which the load is measured. The rate
of loading mentioned in Method 2 under £-2.2 is designed to take into
account the slip experienced with wedge grips, particularly when testing
joints after soaking.

E-l. ACCURACY OF TESTING MACHINE

E«l.l The test pieces shall be pulled in a testing machine capable of
measuring the breaking load with an accuracy of ± 1 percent.

15

IS: 851- 1978

E-2. RATE QF LOADING

E»2.1 In testing machine provided with a means of controlling the rate of
increase of load, the rate of increase of load shall be between 135 kg and
270 kg/min,

E-2.2 In testing machines, provided with a means of controlling the rate
of separation of the straining heads, one of the following two methods shall
be applicable:

Method 1

A device shall be provided, incorporating a pointer moving at constant
speed over a scale graduated so as to indicate a rate of increase
of load within the limits of £-2*l3 with which the load indicator
of the testing machine shall be caused to move in unison by appro-
priate manipulation of the rate of strain controL A scale having 45
divisions to the full circle ( corresponding to the mean rate of loading
of 202*5 kg/min ) placed behind the second hand of a clock, would
be a suitable device. The necessary limits of accuracy would be
maintained by keeping the pointers in agreement within ± 33
percent.

Method 2

The straining rate shall be such that the time taken to pass from one
quarter to the full specified minimum load shall be within the limits
which would apply under £-2*1 ( for example, in the case of a
specified minimum load of 90 kg, the time interval between 90/4 =
22"5 kg load and 90 kg load, that is in increasing the load by 67*5 kg
should be between 67*5/135 and 67'5/270 minutes, which is between
0*5 and 0*25 minutes ).

E-3. DISTANCE BETWEEN THE GRIPS

E-3.1 The distance between the grips of the testing machine shall be
between 65"0 and 70*0 mm in the case of gap joints and between 115 and
120 ram in the case of close-contact joints.

E-4. COMPUTATION OF RESULTS

E-4.1 The average failing load for each test shall be computed from the
corresponding group of six test pieces.

16

tS:831-ld78

APPENDIX F

( Clauses 5.4.2, 5.5.2, 5.6.2 and'&A )

PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES FOR DETERMINATION
OF FAILING LOAD ( GLOSE-CONTACT JOINTS)

F-l. TEST SLIPS

F-1.1 Each test piece shall be made from two slips of canarium spp. veneer
complying with the requirements given under B-1. It shall be 115 mm
long, 25-0 zh 0*3 mm wide and 3'15 :^ 0*15 mm thick, joined together with
the adhesive under test so as to produce a 25*0 ± 03 mm overlap joint
{see Fig. 3),

"203

115

VENEER

25-0 tO-3-

3'00

±0.15-1

25-OtO-3-
All dimensions in millimetres.

Fig. 3 Close-Contact Test Piece

F-2. PREPARATION OF ADHESIVE

F-2.1 The adhesive shall be prepared and used in accordance with the
instructions supplied by the manufacturer. Wbet-e these instructions permit
both separate application of the resin and hardener and the use of mixed
adhesive, the test pieces shall be prepared by the separate application
method.

F-3. PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES

F-3.1 Test pieces shall be prepared under ordinary room conditions, except
where otherwise directed by the manufacturer.

17

tS : 851 - 1978

F-3.2 The adhesive shall be applied uniformly to one of the two faces
forming a joint or as prescribed by the manufacturer. The joints shall be
made between the smooth faces of the veneers. The slips forming a joint
shall be placed in contact without rubbing, immediately the adhesive is
applied, or after such period as may be prescribed by the manufacturer.
When the test pieces have been prepared, they shall be placed immediately
in a suitable clamp, a convenient form of which is shown irl Fig. 4.
Sufficient pressure shall be applied to ensure good contact and generally
about 50 kg is adequate. With the form of clamp shown in Fig. 4, this
pressure may be obtained by screwing down until ' finger tight *. A
convenient jig for locating the clamp and its contents is shown in Fig, 5.

20 mm THICK
RUBBER

TEST
PIECE

All dimensions in miUimctrcs.

Fig. 4 Clamping Device for Holding Six Test Pieces

18

IS I 851-1978

•1 i

" 1.

^ fflifi J

25

III :

S=^

8

z

10 mm (^LOCATING PEGS
All dimensions in millimetres.
Fig. 5 Wooden Jig for Locating Test Pieces in Clamp

APPENDIX G

( Clauses 5.5.1 and 5.5.2 )

WATER RESISTANCE TEST

G-1. TEST SAMPLES

G-1.1 The test pieces shall be completely immersed in water in accordance
with the conditions of Tables 2 and 3, as may be required.

G-2. PROCEDURE

G-2.1 By the use of suitable racks to hold the test pieces, water shall have
free access to all surfaces, and shall be at the temperature stipulated when
the test pieces are initially immersed. After treatment at the higher
temperatures; the test pieces shall be cooled immediately to approximately
room temperature by immersing in cold water, in whith they shall remain
until mechanically tested, and the test shall be carried out within 24 hours
of the initial cooling. Test pieces undergoing the cold water test shall be
pulled immediately after removal from the water.

19

ISt851-1978

APPENDIX H

( Clauses 5.6.1 and 5.6.2 )

MYGOLOGICAL TEST

H-l. TEST

H<fcl.l Fill a rectangular dish of enamelled iron, glass or porcelain to
a depth of about 25 mm with saw dust of . non-durable timber like semul,
previously moistened with a sufficient amount of an aqueous solution,
containing 12 g of cane sugar per litre of water. The quantity of sugar
solution added shall just be enough to moisten completely the saw dust
and shall be not so much as can be squeezed out by hand pressure. To
attain this condition with dry saw dust, it is usually necessary' to add three
times its weight of water. The saw dust shall be loosely pressed in the dish
and the test specimens shall be so placed and pressed over the saw dust
that the upper surfaces of the specimens are level with the surface of the
sawdust.

H-1.2 The dish shall then be covered with a sheet oif glass and the edges of
the dish sealed against the glass with a strip of material, such as modelling
clay or plasticine so that the atmosphere round the sample shall remain
saturated. The dish and contents shall be maintained at 27 i 1°G for
three weeks, after which the samples shall be removed, washed in cold
water and pulled immediately.

20

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 1 1 0002

Telephones: 232301 31 , 23233375, 23239402 Fax: 91 +01 1 23239399, 23239382

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Central Laboratory: Telephone

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Regional Offices:

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23553243

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